grp 5 NRAW
v10
SURVEYING TOOL
grp 5 NRAW
SURVEY NETWORK ADJUSTMENT
Turn observations into defensible coordinates.
Adjust traverses and levelling runs, inspect residuals and variance, then export a ready-to-share Excel workbook.
01 / INPUTS
Control & observations
Traverse observations
Bearings are clockwise from north. Use one row per leg, or import a sheet with the required columns.
| From | To | Distance (m) | Bearing (°) | Standard error distance (m) | Standard error bearing (°) | Remove |
|---|
Define the traverse fields
- From
- The point where the traverse leg begins.
- To
- The point where the traverse leg ends.
- Distance (m)
- The measured horizontal distance from From to To, in metres.
- Bearing (°)
- The bearing of the leg, measured clockwise from north, in degrees.
- Standard error distance (m)
- The standard error of the distance measurement, in metres. It describes expected measurement uncertainty.
- Standard error bearing (°)
- The standard error of the bearing measurement, in degrees. Smaller values give that direction more weight.
Levelling observations
Enter observed height differences and their standard errors.
| From | To | ΔH (m) | Standard error height (m) | Length (m) | Remove |
|---|
ACCURACY GUIDE
Enter measurement uncertainty, not instrument display precision.
For a reliable traverse adjustment, use surveyed control in one coordinate system and realistic one-sigma errors from your field method.
- Control coordinatesUse the known start and end coordinates in the same datum and grid, in metres.
- Distance and bearingEnter horizontal distances and bearings clockwise from north in decimal degrees; keep every leg in observation order.
- Standard errorsEnter realistic 1σ errors, not zeroes or arbitrary small values. Convert bearing seconds to degrees: 2″ = 0.000556°.
- Geometry and redundancyUse one connected ordered route, unique point names, and a known closing control or closed loop. With absolute bearings, angular misclosure is a turn/wrap check; review station-angle observations for a formal angle-closure test. A good adjustment cannot repair incorrect observations or weak geometry.
For a reliable levelling adjustment, preserve the benchmark datum and use uncertainty values that match the levelling method and route.
- Control coordinatesUse known benchmark elevations in the same vertical datum, in metres.
- Height differencesEnter ΔH as To minus From, with each setup connected in order from the start benchmark to the end benchmark.
- Standard errorsEnter realistic 1σ height errors in metres; each error should reflect its route length. Record the actual route length in metres; the entered height error controls the weighting. For example, 3 mm is 0.003 m.
- Geometry and redundancyUse one connected ordered route between the benchmarks, with a closing control where possible. Repeated setups within this route improve reliability; disconnected independent loops are not supported by this model.
02 / RESULTS
Adjustment report
Your report will appear here
Run an adjustment to inspect misclosures, residuals, variance, adjusted values, and uncertainty.
Adjusted coordinates
metres| Point | Easting | Northing | ΔE | ΔN |
|---|
Residuals
distance and angle| Leg | v distance (m) | v bearing (″) | Standardized |
|---|
Error ellipse
1σ standard error| Point | Standard error E (m) | Standard error N (m) | Semi-major | Semi-minor | Orientation |
|---|
Iteration log
| Iteration | Weighted RMS | Max correction |
|---|
Adjusted elevations
metres| Point | Elevation | ΔH correction | Standard error height |
|---|
Residuals
height differences| Leg | From → To | Residual (m) | Standardized |
|---|
Error ellipse
1D network: vertical uncertainty band| Point | Elevation | Standard error height | Approx. 95% band |
|---|
Iteration log
Direct weighted solution| Iteration | Weighted RMS | Max correction |
|---|
The workbook reports residuals, variance, adjusted values, and coordinate uncertainty from a weighted least-squares model.