grp 5 NRAW
v10
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SURVEYING TOOL
grp 5 NRAW
Network adjustment workspace
SURVEY NETWORK ADJUSTMENT
Turn observations into defensible coordinates.
Adjust traverses and levelling runs, inspect residuals and variance, then export a ready-to-share Excel workbook.
Weighted least squares
Adjustment type
⌁Traversing
↕Levelling
01 / INPUTS
Control & observations
Start controlPoint
Easting (m)Northing (m)
End controlPointEasting (m)Northing (m)
Traverse observations
Bearings are clockwise from north. Use one row per leg, or import a sheet with the required columns.
Import Excel sheetAdd leg
| From | To | Distance (m) | Bearing (°) | Standard error distance (m) | Standard error bearing (°) | Remove |
|---|
- From
- The point where the traverse leg begins.
- To
- The point where the traverse leg ends.
- Distance (m)
- The measured horizontal distance from From to To, in metres.
- Bearing (°)
- The bearing of the leg, measured clockwise from north, in degrees.
- Standard error distance (m)
- The standard error of the distance measurement, in metres. It describes expected measurement uncertainty.
- Standard error bearing (°)
- The standard error of the bearing measurement, in degrees. Smaller values give that direction more weight.
Start controlPointElevation (m)
End controlPointElevation (m)
Levelling observations
Enter observed height differences and their standard errors.
| From | To | ΔH (m) | Standard error height (m) | Length (m) | Remove |
|---|
ACCURACY GUIDE
Enter measurement uncertainty, not instrument display precision.
For a reliable traverse adjustment, use surveyed control in one coordinate system and realistic one-sigma errors from your field method.
- Control coordinatesUse the known start and end coordinates in the same datum and grid, in metres.
- Distance and bearingEnter horizontal distances and bearings clockwise from north in decimal degrees; keep every leg in observation order.
- Standard errorsEnter realistic 1σ errors, not zeroes or arbitrary small values. Convert bearing seconds to degrees: 2″ = 0.000556°.
- Geometry and redundancyUse one connected ordered route, unique point names, and a known closing control or closed loop. With absolute bearings, angular misclosure is a turn/wrap check; review station-angle observations for a formal angle-closure test. A good adjustment cannot repair incorrect observations or weak geometry.
For a reliable levelling adjustment, preserve the benchmark datum and use uncertainty values that match the levelling method and route.
- Control coordinatesUse known benchmark elevations in the same vertical datum, in metres.
- Height differencesEnter ΔH as To minus From, with each setup connected in order from the start benchmark to the end benchmark.
- Standard errorsEnter realistic 1σ height errors in metres; each error should reflect its route length. Record the actual route length in metres; the entered height error controls the weighting. For example, 3 mm is 0.003 m.
- Geometry and redundancyUse one connected ordered route between the benchmarks, with a closing control where possible. Repeated setups within this route improve reliability; disconnected independent loops are not supported by this model.
↗Run adjustment
02 / RESULTS
Adjustment report
⌁
Your report will appear here
Run an adjustment to inspect misclosures, residuals, variance, adjusted values, and uncertainty.
Iterations—
Initial closure—
Final weighted RMS—
Unit variance—
Max correction—
Angular misclosure—
Linear misclosure—
Fractional misclosure—
Adjusted coordinates
metres| Point | Easting | Northing | ΔE | ΔN |
|---|
Residuals
distance and angle| Leg | v distance (m) | v bearing (″) | Standardized |
|---|
Error ellipse
1σ standard error| Point | Standard error E (m) | Standard error N (m) | Semi-major | Semi-minor | Orientation |
|---|
Iteration log
| Iteration | Weighted RMS | Max correction |
|---|
Adjusted elevations
metres| Point | Elevation | ΔH correction | Standard error height |
|---|
Residuals
height differences| Leg | From → To | Residual (m) | Standardized |
|---|
Error ellipse
1D network: vertical uncertainty band| Point | Elevation | Standard error height | Approx. 95% band |
|---|
Iteration log
Direct weighted solution| Iteration | Weighted RMS | Max correction |
|---|
Download Excel workbook
f(x)
Excel-readyWhat the sheet solves
The workbook reports residuals, variance, adjusted values, and coordinate uncertainty from a weighted least-squares model.